Volume 3 Specific Built Heritage Objectives

Volume 3 Specific Built Heritage Objectives - Draft Cork City Development Plan 2022-2028

26 July - 4 October 2021

Tiered Approach to Land Zoning Cork City Draft Development Pla 2022–2028 2.1 The National Planning Framework (NPF) sets out a two-tier approach to land zoning. National Policy Objective 72a requires planning authorities to apply a standardised tiered approach to differentiate between (i) zoned land that is serviced and (ii) zoned land that is serviceable within the life of the Plan. Tier 1 comprises serviced zoned lands that is sufficiently serviced to accommodation new development. Tier 2 lands are serviceable zoned lands that are not currently fully serviced but have the potential to become fully serviced within the life of the Plan. The Core Strategy provides details of the zoning tiers. Volume 3 Built Heritage Objectives

Compact Growth in Cork

2.1 The National Planning Framework (NPF) sets out a two-tier approach to land zoning. National Policy Objective 72a requires planning authorities to apply a standardised tiered approach to differentiate between (i) zoned land that is serviced and (ii) zoned land that is serviceable within the life of the Plan. Tier 1 comprises serviced zoned lands that is sufficiently serviced to accommodation new development. Tier 2 lands are serviceable zoned lands that are not currently fully serviced but have the potential to become fully serviced within the life of the Plan. The Core Strategy provides details of the zoning tiers. 2.2 This Plan includes a Tier 3, which are strategic lands necessary for long-term planning of infrastructure, given the ambition growth target set out in the NPF, but also provide for substitution of Tier 1 or Tier 2 lands that do not come forward for development within this Plan period, where appropriate.

2.2 This Plan includes a Tier 3, which are strategic lands necessary for long-term planning of infrastructure, given the ambition growth target set out in the NPF, but also provide for substitution of Tier 1 or Tier 2 lands that do not come forward for development within this Plan period, where appropriate.

Summary Table of Land Use Zoning Objectives

2.3 Each of the twenty-two land use zoning objectives are set out below in this Chapter. They are grouped under six general use categories and are summarised in the table below. 2.4 The National Planning Framework (NPF) sets out a two-tier approach to land zoning. National Policy Objective 72a requires planning authorities to apply a standardised tiered approach to differentiate between (i) zoned land that is serviced and (ii) zoned land that is serviceable within the life of the Plan. Tier 1 comprises serviced zoned lands that is sufficiently serviced to accommodation new development. Tier 2 lands are serviceable zoned life of the Plan. The Core Strategy provides details of the zoning tiers.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028 2

Volume 3 I Part 1

Contents

Introduction

Page 4

Part 1

Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA’s)

Page 7

Existing ACA’s

Page 9

Proposed Modification of Existing ACA’s

Page 69

Proposed New ACA’s

Page 103

Part 2

Record of Protected Structures

Page 121

Part 3

Record of Monuments and Places

Page 171

Part 4

View Management Framework

Page 191

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Introduction

1.3 The Conservation Section of Cork City Council is always available to provide guidance and answer any queries. Cork City Council may make additions or deletions from its Record of Protected Structures at any other time by following prescribed procedures. The making of an addition to or deletion from the Record of Protected Structures is a reserved function for the Elected Members of the Council.

What is Built Heritage and how it is protected?

1.1 Cork City is home to a great wealth of built heritage, including historic buildings, structures, monuments, archaeology and conservation areas. Built heritage has evolved over centuries and is a response to landscape, resources, influences and activities. It helps create a sense of a place and makes our neighbourhoods distinctive. The built heritage of Cork city is a finite and precious resource, as the buildings, streets and quays combine to give the City its unique expression. We all have a responsibility to protect, conserve and sensitively use our historic buildings. Cork City Council will work with relevant stakeholders to sensitively upgrade and adapt historic buildings for modern day uses and protect buildings against the impacts of climate change. Built heritage in Cork City is protected in two ways: (1) The Record of Protected Structures and (2) Architectural Conservation Areas.

What is an Architectural Conservation Area?

1.4 The designation of an area as an Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) under the Planning Acts is a way to protect the character of Cork’s historic areas. The aim is to protect their special characteristics and distinctive features while encouraging suitable contemporary development. Some works to buildings in an Architectural Conservation Area, regardless of whether it is a Protected Structures, that may normally otherwise be exempted development may require planning permission: this can mean replacing the windows or doors, changing historic paving or replacing ironwork railings may require planning permission. 1.5 The Conservation Section of Cork City Council is always available to provide guidance and answer any queries in this regard. The list of Architectural Conservation Areas and description of each are is included below in this Volume and forms part of the Development Plan.

What is a Protected Structure?

1.2 A Protected Structure is a building which is identified by Cork City Council as having special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest and is included on the Cork City Council Record of Protected Structures, which forms part of the Development Plan. Cork City Council’s Record of Protected Structures currently includes approximately 1,200 buildings. When a building is designated a Protected Structure, it is protected under Part IV of the Planning and Development Act, 2000 as amended. This means that owners and occupiers have a responsibility to ensure that the structure or any element of a protected structure is not endangered. Some works to protected structures that may normally otherwise be exempted development may require planning permission – including, for example, the replacement of original windows or doors. However, there is considerable scope to alter to modify a Protected Structure (for example, the installation of new services, new bathroom or kitchen fittings, etc.) without affecting its special character.

Built Heritage Objectives in the Development Plan

1.6 This Volume forms part of the overall Draft Cork City Development Plan 2022-2028 and reflects the statutory requirements in relation to our built heritage. There are 4 parts to this Volume: 1. Architectural Conservation Areas, displayed in 3 categories: – existing Architectural Conservation Areas that are proposed to remain unchanged,

4 Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

1.7 This Volume of the Draft Development Plan should be read alongside Volume 1 – Written Statement and Volume 2 – Mapped Objectives. Chapter 8 in Volume 1 – Written Statement addresses heritage, arts and culture and includes development objectives in relation to built heritage. The Views and Prospects are mapped in Volume 2 – Mapped Objectives.

– existing Architectural Conservation Areas that are proposed to be modified, and – proposed new Architectural Conservation Areas. 2. Record of Protected Structures (available online here www.corkcity.ie) 3. Record of Monuments and Places (available online here www.archaeology.ie) 4. Views and Prospects

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Part 1

Architectural Conservation Areas

Specific Built Heritage Objectives

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028 8

Volume 3 I Part 1

Existing Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA’s)

Albert Quay Albert Road

Ballinlough Road (Annville / Ardeevin group) Bandon Road 38-43 and Lough Road 58-60

Barrett’s Buildings, off Blarney Street Bethesda Row, Old Blackrock Road Bishopstown Park Blackpool Castleview Terrace 1-11, Lower Glanmire Road Coburg Street and Saint Patrick’s Hill Corporation Buildings, Saint Paul’s Avenue Douglas Road-Northwest Former Ford Factory (Marina Commercial Park) Friar Street Grattan Hill, Lincoln Place, Hackett’s Terrace and Mahony’s Avenue Greenmount Lower Glanmire Road The Mardyke Marie Place 1-12, Windmill Road North Main Street North Mall / The Marsh Paul Street Railway Cottages 1-13, Anglesea Street Rockboro Road 18-20 Shandon South Parish Vandeville 1-4, Ballinlough Road Victoria Road Walsh’s Square, Devonshire Street West

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Albert Quay, Albert Road and Victoria Road

Description of Area

Statement of Character

1.8 The area is bounded by Albert Quay, Victoria Road, Albert Road and Albert Street. It is contiguous with the Albert Road ACA to the south and the Park View ACA to the east.

1.9 The area is located within the South Docks immediately to the east of the city centre. It contains extensive areas of both undeveloped lands and under-used low-rise buildings, mainly single storey, and is likely to be redeveloped during the life of the present Development Plan. It is part of an area identified in “Cork City Harbour – Unlocking Cork Docklands” and the City Centre Strategy as an appropriate location for large floor plate offices, which are of strategic importance for Cork. This strategic need will be taken into account in assessing development proposals.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

The aim should not be to retain all existing buildings and features but to encourage appropriate development of vacant land and under-used buildings by retaining the most significant elements of heritage interest as an integral part of the evolving character of the area.

Issues

1.11 The area is located within the South Docks immediately to the east of the city centre; it contains extensive areas of both undeveloped land and under-used low-rise buildings, many single-storeys, and is likely to be developed during the life of the present Development Plan. The aim should not be to retain all existing buildings and features but to encourage appropriate development of vacant land and underused buildings by retaining the most significant elements of heritage interest as an integral part of the evolving character of the area.

Building Typology

1.10 In addition to the attractive painted plastered classical buildings of the former CBP Railway, the area contains a mix of large scale former industrial and warehouse buildings with both cut- and rubble limestone facades and smaller-scale painted, plastered public houses, office buildings and blocks of brick and painted, plastered houses. Where buildings retain original elevational features, they have timber sliding sash windows, roofs of natural stone slate and cast-iron rainwater goods.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Albert Road

1.12 In the late 19th century, a considerable population of Lithuanian Jews settled in the Albert Road area that subsequently became known as ‘Jewtown’. The area consists of a collection of six terraces comprising a total of 99 two-bay single-storey with attic houses called Hibernian Buildings. The Jewish heritage sets it apart from anywhere else in the city, whilst the modest artisan dwellings are an excellent reminder of the city’s industrial heritage.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Ballinlough Road (Annville / Ardeevin Group) 1.13 Three terraces of family housing built in 1908 on the south side of the Ballinlough Road. The houses have neo-Tudor decorative touches and are distinguished by ground floor bay windows and small gardens fronted by decorative cast-iron railings, typical features of the Edwardian era for middleclass housing.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Bandon Road 38-43 & Lough Road 58-60 1.14 A prominent corner group of one-and-a-half storey artisan housing, built c.1889, fronting onto Bandon Road and Lough Road, with a two-storey corner-sited three-bay two-storey purpose-built commercial premises and house linking the two terraces. Particularly distinctive due to the quality of materials used in the construction, such as red-brick, natural slate & limestone.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Barrett’s Buildings, Off Blarney Street 1.15 Consists of 6 parallel terraces of two-storey, two-bay artisan houses built in 1906 by Cork Corporation. The houses retain many of their original features and their uniformity gives the area a distinctive character.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Bethesda Row, Old Blackrock Road 1.16 Little-altered terrace of 4 three-bay, single-storey over basement houses, built in1896 and located on the north side of Old Blackrock Road. This row is significant as part of a group retaining timber sash windows, hood mouldings to the front elevation of all four and with consistent scale and roofline.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Bishopstown Park

Description of Area

Statement of Character

1.17 Bishopstown Park, known as ‘Murphy’s Farm’, locally is located on the western fringe of Cork City. The Curragheen River forms a natural boundary of Bishopstown Park ACA, while the administrative boundary between Cork City and Cork County is also a defining factor in its irregular form. It is bound to the east by the Riverside Pitch and Putt course. This northern boundary is located adjacent to CIT, while to the south the ACA is bound by Bishopstown Tennis Club and Scoil Naomh Therésé. The walkway which follows the natural pattern of the Curragheen River defines the western boundary.

1.18 The area within the boundary maintains the character of a traditional demesne landscape with its combination of undulating terrain, flat open spaces and more formal designed areas with orthogonal stands of trees and shrubs. Consistent with the primary usage of the land, the area is recreational in character. This relatively compact ACA comprises of three distinct visual sections: 1.19 The Pitch and Putt course is separated from the rest of the ACA by a thin band of land created by the boundary with Elton Lawn and the

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

arc of the Curragheen River. Characterised by a rolling topography, the land flows naturally in a series of crests and troughs before falling gently to meet the walkway and the edge of the river. It also houses the site of the former 18th century limestone quarry which, although now hidden by overgrown vegetation, still maintains a prominent position at the centre of the course. 1.20 The area central to the ACA is that of the walled garden, buildings and courtyard as well as its immediate surroundings. This sub-area has a traditional demesne feel, with more formal spaces contained by walls, planned ponds, vegetation and contouring. The main approach to the park via the road maintains the same character as it did when the manor house was first built in the 18th century. Framed by trees, the view of the community centre is gradually revealed along the gently curving avenue. Water bodies such as the Curragheen River, the canal and the L-shaped pond add visual and aural interest. 1.21 The playing fields to the west are uniquely different in character with its open flat terrain bounded by elongated contours and orthogonal lines of trees. When approached from the east, the combination of trees with the designed soil mounds, frame the view and through visual contrast, further enhance the character of this sub-area.

as a retaining wall as well as the base of the original mansion house. The eastern elevation contains the limestone door surround of the original house and is the last remaining remnant of the original mansion house for which the park was created, with its prominent key stone and consoles supporting projecting cornice. It is a visual representation of the finely detailed masonry and craftsmanship associated with 18th century mansion houses. 1.23 The Shell House, which sits on an outcrop of rock over-looking the river and ornamental ponds, takes advantage of natural and artificial vistas. Having also felt the effects of vandalism and weathering, it retains many of its details such as the fireplace on its northern wall, glassy slag plinth, crenelated walls and beehive porch. The 18th century limekiln which is now hidden from view due to overgrowth of vegetation sits into the side of a hill and uses the topography to its advantage in order to minimise the amount of brickwork or masonry in its construction. 1.24 Although many boundaries on site are created naturally through the use of trees and shrubbery, there are a number of manmade features that create more formal spaces within the park. The 18th century Walled Garden is unique as its clearly defined boundary of cut limestone walls and footbridges, frames the view towards the river.

Issues

Building Typology

1.25 Currently, Bishopstown Park is an underutilised public amenity with immense recreational potential. It has suffered significant damage in recent year from vandalism and overgrowth of vegetation, especially with regard to the shell house, chapel and limekiln. Sections of the park such as the courtyard and its surrounding community buildings would benefit from an improvement in aesthetic quality to increase the amenity for local residents and recreational users. Improvement to the public realm such as the addition of benches and litter bins would do much to enhance the environmental quality and to improve the parks character.

1.22 There is a mixture of buildings on site, mostly centred on the courtyard. These include the chapel and the privy, both of which are 18th century structures built of random rubble sandstone with limestone details, with direct associations with the original mansion house. Despite the effects of vandalism and the invasion of vegetation, the chapel retains many of its architectural details including limestone sills and quoins, cut-stone walls and pediment containing green and red sandstone as well as some slate. The late 20th century farmhouse, now home to the Scout Hall and Community Centre, utilises the surviving cut limestone plinth-moulding which served

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Blackpool

Road, Arthur Villas and Foley’s Row to the east of Watercourse Road, and the buildings to the east of Thomas Davis Street.

Description of Area

1.26 The area is centred on the main thoroughfare running south-north from Old Chapel Lane and Cathedral Street to Thomas Davis Street and the Link Road. It is bounded to the east by the western boundary of Watercourse Road and to the west by the rear of properties fronting onto the area’s central spine of Gerald Griffin Street, Great William O’Brien Street and Thomas Davis Street. 1.27 It also takes in the terraces and narrow laneways of the area’s south-western section radiating out from Farren Street, the buildings fronting onto Seminary

Statement of Character

1.28 The character of the area, of architectural,

archaeological, historical, and social significance, varies as you move northwards away from the city centre. It is made up of three sections, firstly: Gerald Griffin Street to the south, secondly: the central section of Great William O’Brien Street and thirdly: Blackpool Village centre, situated in the area focused around the church in the north.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Collectively, the streets formed the principal route from the city leading north for hundreds of years, the urban form of which has remained largely unchanged. The area was the industrial centre of the city in the 19th century, evident by the high concentration of tanneries, distilleries, mills, maltings and breweries that once occupied it. This has resulted in a rich legacy of industrial archaeology within the area. 1.29 The first, southern, sub-area has a mix of uses but is mainly residential in character, with two and three-storey, mainly two-bay dwellings lining Gerald Griffin Street. Commercial and institutional buildings are largely located at the southern end of the area. The North Presentation Convent, associated with the area since the late 18th century, dominates the south-eastern section of the sub-area, while there is a high-density residential area to the south-west located around Farren Street. These are laneways of one and two-storey houses, typical of the historic urban patterns prevalent in the area in the 18th and 19th centuries. 1.30 The second middle sub-area of the area along Great William O’Brien Street is largely residential in character consisting mainly of 19th century housing. There are a number of examples of 18th century buildings, notably at No.54, possibly the earliest building in the area, notable for its simple vernacular quality. The first example of modern social housing in Cork is found on the eastern side of the road in the form of Madden’s Buildings, which were built by Cork Corporation in 1886. These are an important part of Cork’s social heritage. 1.31 The third sub-area is centred on Blackpool Village, the area surrounding the church, the site of the original marketplace. This area has retained its historic street pattern resembling an elongated ‘X’. This unusual layout was dictated by the waterways that subsequently influenced the layout of the streets. Buildings have generally commercial and/ or residential uses, are two and three-storeys in height, of two or three-bays, and largely date from the 19th and 20th centuries. Mature trees line the western side of the road leading to the village centre from the south. The attractive pair of 18th century buildings at Nos. 96 and 97 (Dennehy’s Fish Shop and adjacent building) terminate the northern vista from Great William O’Brien Street and provide an attractive bookend to the street.

Building Typology

1.32 The area’s building stock ranges from the 18th to 20th century but is mainly characterised by the 19th century residential two and three-storey buildings that line the principal thoroughfare. Several examples of 18th century buildings, are also evident, identified by their steeply pitched roofs and narrower openings on the upper floors. As is traditional in the area, buildings are generally constructed of rubble-stone or brick, usually rendered and painted. Smaller one and two-storey dwellings are located in the laneways off the main street, indicative of the type of building and plot layout prevalent in the 18th and 19th centuries. 1.33 The Church of the Annunciation dominates the streetscape of the village centre and is significant as the work of the sculptor Seamus Murphy who served his apprenticeship in a Blackpool stone yard. There are a number of traditional timber shopfronts in the area that have been retained even in cases where the buildings no longer serve as commercial premises. Where buildings have retained their original features and finishes, they have painted plastered facades, roofs of natural stone slate, cast- iron rainwater goods, and painted timber doors and sash windows.

Issues

1.34 The area around Blackpool Village centre and the northern part of Great William O’Brien Street benefitted greatly from the Blackpool Renewal Scheme which improved the aesthetic quality of the streetscape by introducing features such as mature trees, attractive iron lamp standards, and simple, well-designed paving and soft landscaping. Other sections of the street would benefit from a similar scheme both to enhance their environmental quality and to emphasise the continuity of the character of the historic route. The retention of the traditional timber shopfronts in the southern part of the area should be encouraged as they provide a social narrative on the street’s former commercial viability at one time and are in themselves often of good quality.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Castleview Terrace 1-11, Lower Glanmire Road 1.35 Castleview Terrace consists of eleven red-brick two-bay, two-storey houses, built c. 1868, on a secluded height above the Lower Glanmire Road with a view of Blackrock Castle. It is one of the earliest examples of this type of red-brick terraced housing in Cork.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Coburg Street and Saint Patrick’s Hill

and subsequently laid out with streets and buildings and commercial quaysides.

Description of Area

1.36 The Coburg Street and Saint Patrick’s Hill

Statement of Character

Architectural Conservation Area is located north of the North Channel of the River Lee directly opposite the commercial core of the city centre, on rising south- and west-facing ground. It is mixed- use in terms of character and combines retail and commercial uses with a residential function. The area is located outside the walled medieval city of Cork, situated a short distance to the southwest on the north and south islands of the River Lee. It developed from the mid-18th century when the land bounded by Carroll’s Quay, Leitrim Street, Coburg Street, and the River Lee was reclaimed

1.37 The overlapping street layout given by the intersection of the steeply sloping north-south streets, Richmond Hill and St. Patrick’s Hill with McCurtain St., the intersection of Coburg St. and McCurtain St. and the quays running east-west provides a strong urban framework to contain the varied styles of architecture constructed as the area evolved from the mid-18th century to the present.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

1.38 Buildings on the higher levels of the hillside such as the detached villas at the top of St. Patrick’s Hill, or the terraces of Audley Place, have a tendency to orientate themselves towards the west or southwest taking advantage of the views over the Kiln river valley towards Shandon and the hillsides beyond. Even where the front elevations face eastwards, many houses, e.g., on the west side of Richmond Hill, make use of the falling ground to take advantage of these views. The west facing upper slopes of the hillside provide an important historical amenity area and open spaces such as Lady’s Well (containing a post medieval holy well) and Bell’s Field, from which there are panoramic views of the city.

Building Typology

1.41 Traditionally, the area’s buildings, whether domestic, commercial, or industrial, and dating from the early 18th to the early 20th centuries, are generally constructed of painted plastered rubble-stone or brick walls. Where they retain original finishes and features, they have roofs of natural stone slate, robust cast-metal rainwater gutters and downpipes and painted timber doors and windows, and many good examples of iron railings and gates. Where historic street furniture or paving survives, such as limestone steps or kerbing, iron handrails etc. it is important for the character of the area that these are retained.

1.39 The area is of archaeological significance

because it is partially situated within the Zone of Archaeological Potential (ZAP) for Cork City (CO074-122). A holy well (CO074-062), situated at Lady’s Well, is also listed on the Record of Monuments and Places. The area is of historical and architectural significance because of its street layout and for its stock of buildings from the 18th to 20th centuries which provide evidence of its evolving urban character over three centuries. 1.40 There are a number of buildings which are included on the Record of Protected Structures (RPS) and also identified on the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) as being of regional significance. These include terraced Georgian buildings on Camden Place, the ashlar limestone quay walls at Camden Quay, terraced housing on Devonshire Street, housing on Saint Patrick’s Hill and Richmond Hill, the Ursuline Convent and St. Angela’s College.

Issues

1.42 The area has a wide range of house types and local facilities including shops, pubs, schools, and recreation spaces. However, the area is under increasing pressure from traffic and has a poor- quality public realm which detracts from its amenity for residents and businesses. It is important that this be improved to encourage greater use of the existing building stock in a way that makes best use of its potential. There are also some vacant and under-utilised plots in the area, with scope for development to support and reinforce the strong existing character of the area.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Corporation Buildings, St. Paul’s Avenue 1.43 A residential enclave of 11 three-storey, four-bay buildings, organised into three terraces. They were built in 1900 as ‘Corporation of Cork’ labourers dwellings. These buildings are a good example of the quality of architectural design employed by the local authority at the beginning of the 20th century.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Douglas Road - Northwest

1.44 This ACA is comprised of 6 terraces of painted rendered houses lining the southern side of the northwest part of Douglas road namely Beechwood Place, Eldred Terrace, Fernwood, Belmont Place, Laurel Wood and Pinewood. They date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are an attractive group example of middle-class suburban development of the time.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Former Ford Factory Site, Marina Commercial Park

Description of Area

Statement of Character

1.45 The area is bounded by the River Lee to the north, the extensive grain silos and fertiliser plants to the west, and the later re-development at the former Dunlop site and more recent Ford buildings to the east and south. The Architectural Conservation Area extends to contain the 1917 tractor plant, the 1929 extensions to east and west, and the electrical plant from the early 1930s.

1.46 The tractor plant, a protected structure PS1135, is the oldest structure on the site built between 1917 and 1919. It is of international historical, industrial archaeological, technical, and architectural significance as one of the first single-storey reinforced-concrete vehicle assembly plants in the world. It was designed and built by Ford engineers from Detroit where Henry Ford had developed the modern assembly-line production process and his designers were creating a new kind of industrial architecture to house it.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

The later structures on the site, of historical, architectural, and industrial archaeological significance, reflect the evolution of industrial architectural design. 1.47 The structures are located on a large flat site, essentially a polder reclaimed from the river, the lower section to the south set below the tidal high- water level, rising as it meets the river’s edge where the original Fordson tractor plant and concrete quayside have been constructed at a higher level to avoid flooding and to protect the lower land running back towards Centre Park Road. 1.48 The present character of extensive low-rise structures set in an orthogonal arrangement in a flat industrial landscape will change as the area is redeveloped and the uses are intensified.

Issues

1.49 The challenge is not to resist change but to ensure that new, higher density redevelopment reflects the industrial and historical origins of the site and retains its significance as part of a new conception for what will be a new urban quarter by the banks of the River Lee. 1.50 It is important to emphasise that the retention of the historical, architectural, industrial archaeological and technical significance of the site does not imply the retention of the entire extent of the low-rise historic industrial structures: rather that the retention of their significance places these significant structures at the centre of a new instensified spatial and architectural conception for the development of the site, as exemplified in the recent planning application for the site which the City Council granted in 2012.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Friar Street Area

1.51 This area contains groups of improved housing schemes from the late 19th & early 20th centuries located to the south of Evergreen St. and to the east of Barrack St. They were built as a concerted effort to improve the standard of housing in the overcrowded traditional parts of Cork City. Many of the houses have attractive details typical of the architectural style of their time while others are simple and straightforward. All are generally formally designed in groups, are two-storey or one and a half-storey in height, of brick construction, (though many have been subsequently plastered) originally with natural stone slate roofs and timber windows.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Grattan Hill, Lincoln Place, Hackett’s Terrace and Mahony’s Avenue

Statement of Character

Description of Area

1.53 The area, of architectural and historical significance, comprises three distinct sections: Mahony’s Avenue, Hackett’s Terrace, entered between a gap in the houses of the lower part of Mahony’s Avenue, and Grattan’s Hill/Wellington Terrace/Lincoln Place and Riverview Terrace. The area within the boundary is overwhelmingly residential in character, one commercial user and a primary school being the only exceptions.

1.52 The area is located to the south of Middle Glanmire Road and to the north of the former railway corridor behind the Lower Glanmire Road. It is bounded on the west by the boundaries of St. Luke’s Church, Victoria Terrace, and Clarence Terrace, Lodge and Court; on the north and east by the large gardens of the houses entered off Middle Glanmire Road. The only one of these houses set in their own grounds, Westboro, extends from Middle Glanmire Road to Mahony’s Avenue, and is therefore included within the boundary of the area.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

1.54 Mahony’s Avenue is the principal throughway in the area, off which Grattan Hill and Hackett’s Terrace are accessed. It is a single-sided street with grouped terraces of mainly 2-storey, 2-bay houses set behind walls and railings on the southwest side of the street. On the opposite, north-east side is the stone-boundary wall of the gardens of Westboro House, a Protected Structure, with extensive gardens containing mature trees and shrubs. At the upper end of the Avenue are structures originally associated with St. Luke’s Church - the Church of Ireland primary school and the former rectory. 1.55 Hackett’s Terrace is entered from the lower end of Mahony’s Avenue. Entered via a narrow entrance between the houses, it opens out on the south side of the homogenous terrace of south-facing 2-bay, 2-storey houses. The houses are in single- occupancy residential use. 1.56 The area comprising Grattan Hill, Wellington Terrace, Lincoln Place and Riverview Terrace is located on the east side of Mahony’s Avenue and just to the north of the former railway corridor. It comprises principally 2 and 3 storey late Georgian and Victorian terraced houses, some in single-family occupancy, some sub-divided into self-contained units. 1.57 The blocks of houses are designed to face south, although the principal access is generally, but not always, from the street side irrespective of whether the house is on the north or south side. Many of the buildings are designed to look out over and be seen from a distance from the city centre and the south side of the river. The late-Georgian houses were built in the grounds of an older 18th Century house which was itself divided into two houses (now nos.1 & 2 Lincoln Place).

Building Typology

1.58 The buildings which make up most of the area are built of brick or stone, usually rendered in lime or old cement. Where houses retain original elevational features, they have timber sliding sash windows, roofs of natural stone slate and cast-iron rainwater goods. Many houses have architecturally composed boundary walls with doorways or gates, cast-iron railings, and external steps with metal handrails. The area contains significant lengths of footpaths, with stone steps, cast-iron railings and stretches of limestone-kerbing.

Issues

1.59 The area is undergoing change. Houses in multiple occupancy are being refurbished and returned to single-family use and into larger self-contained units. Others in multiple occupancy, are being upgraded, but some are not maintained in a manner appropriate to their architectural character. Car parking for residents is limited because of the narrowness of the streets. Mahony’s Avenue is used as a route from Lower Glanmire Road up to St. Luke’s Cross and into the city centre by many commuters impacting seriously on the amenity of local residents.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Greenmount

1.60 Greenmount showcases a variety of building types from the small cottages that line Gould Street, St. Mary’s Terrace and St. Finbarre’s Terrace to the fine two-storey with attic houses on Centenary Crescent. The fact that the area is bordered by two distinctive buildings, the Lough Church and the Lough Community Centre helps to reinforce the identity of the area.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Lower Glanmire Road 1.61 The area comprising this ACA is bounded by Kent Railway Station and marshalling yards to the south, by the railway overbridge to the east and by the original line of the former to Cobh and Midleton railway to the north. It contains a variety of terraced house types but which generally date from the early to mid-19th Century. Some have railings and steps to the street, others are entered directly from the street. Most have painted rendered rubble-stone walls, originally with stone-slated roofs and timber sash windows. There are a number of buildings with attractive timber or tiled shopfronts set among the mainly domestic terraced houses of two to three principal storeys.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Mardyke

Description of Area

Statement of Character

1.62 The Mardyke Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) is defined by a linear pattern of development, centred along the main thoroughfare running from The Maltings complex in the east to the grounds of the Sacred Heart Catholic Church on Western Road. It is bound to the north by the River Lee while the rear gardens of predominantly terraced housing shape the southern boundary of the ACA.

1.63 The linear street pattern of Mardyke Walk and Dyke Parade, running west-to-east, provides a strong framework which contains varied styles of architecture constructed from the 18th century to the present. It retains the character of a tree-lined avenue with historic elm trees along its length while the Constable’s Lodge hints at its past as a gated promenade. While the area is primarily residential in character with recreational and educational uses incorporated along its northern boundary on the floodplain of the River Lee, it is split into two distinctive sections by the junction of Mardyke Walk and Slí Chumann na mBan.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

1.64 To the east, the area is made up of Dyke Parade and a portion of Mardyke Walk. Predominantly urban in character, it is characterised by its extensive roadway with wide pedestrian footpaths and orthogonal stands of trees. Its historic stock of Georgian and Late Victorian terraced houses is grouped together in formally designed terraces, and range from 3-storey on-street townhouses to more modest 2-storey dwellings with walled front gardens of varying finishes including smooth render, cut-stone with red brick quoins, some with limestone coping and often surmounted by wrought iron railings. The area contained between the roadway and the river is home to various important educational institutions including St. Josephs National School whose position almost directly on the street edge combined with its rough-rendered boundary wall with high wrought iron railing contributes to its prominence within its historic surroundings. 1.65 To the west of Slí Chumann na mBan, the area centred on Mardyke Walk is markedly different in character with a mix of recreational and residential uses. It is much smaller in scale and far less urban in character, contributed to by a more uniform cover of shrubbery and trees along the northern boundary of a more modestly sized roadway. The varying treatment of the boundary between private

residences and the public domain is an important feature that affects the character of this area, whether that be the tall gates and garages of the rear gardens of large 3 and 4-storey buildings facing onto Western Road, the low rendered walls with wrought-iron railings of the front gardens of smaller Victorian 2-storey terraced dwellings facing onto Mardyke Walk or the higher pebble-dashed walls of mid-20th century semi-detached dwellings. 1.66 In contrast, the area north of Mardyke Walk is primarily recreational in character and is home to many historic sporting associations including the Sunday’s Well Boating and Tennis Club and the Cork County Cricket Club, the early 20th century clubhouses of which, both designed in the Colonial style, contribute to the character of the area. The important public amenity of Fitzgerald’s Park as well as the boundary of the UCC Mardyke Sports Complex, formed of dressed limestone walls with rendered coping and fine wrought-iron railings with trident motif combined with the turnstiles at the junction of Mardyke Walk and Western Road, are of social and heritage value and contribute to the varied historic character of the area.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA Marie Place 1-12, Windmill Road

1.67 An interesting terrace of 12 two-bay two-storey houses, built c. 1895 and located on the western side of Windmill Road. The gable-fronted facades of this terrace contrast with the more regular facades in this area of the city and their scale and form make a positive contribution to the streetscape.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA North Main Street

Statement of Character

Description of Area

1.69 In addition to its architectural significance, it is an area of the greatest historic and archaeological significance within the city’s boundaries and is therefore of civic importance for Cork. It is the site of the original medieval city with the present-day street and lane layout reflecting the early medieval burgage plots. The buildings are mainly of 18th and 19th Century origin built after the narrow medieval main street was widened. Beneath the current street and building fabric there is a rich archaeological repository of the City’s medieval past. The remains of the city wall are a recorded monument as is the entire below-ground archaeological zone.

1.68 The area is centred around North Main Street and part of South Main Street. It is bounded on the east by the rear of (but not including) the properties on Grand Parade, Cornmarket Street, on the west by Grattan Street, on the south by Hanover Street, and on the north by part of Bachelor’s and Kyrl’s Quays.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

1.70 North Main Street extends from Griffith Bridge (the former North Gate Bridge) in the north, which carries the road from Shandon to the river-island, to Castle Square in the south via the river-island. The road makes its way across the former river-island with a slight curve and a noticeable widening towards its southern end, characteristics typical of the medieval period. The road crosses a now culverted channel to the present day South Main Street and terminates at the former Castle Square. 1.71 The buildings on the western sides of Grand Parade, Cornmarket Street, Henry Street and Cross Street are built approximately along the line of the former city wall. These streets correspond with the river channels which formerly surrounded the walled medieval city and provided both access for trading and protection from attack.

Church of Ireland Parish Church, St. Peter’s (Cork Vision Centre) which is set-back from the street front, behind cast iron railings.

Issues

1.74 The area continues to suffer from the continuing decline of its traditional economic and social role despite the uplift generated by the 1994 Historic Centre Action Plan. That initiative needs to be followed up with a sustained effort on the part of the City Council, local residents, businesspeople, property owners and the general community who use the area. 1.75 The lack of integration with the modern commercial city district to the east is improving by way of planned upgrades to Cornmarket Street and by the coming on stream of the key retail opportunity site on the Old Guy’s site. The demand for ground floor retail space is growing but needs to be supported to ensure continued commercial vibrancy of the area. While narrow building frontages and the small scale of buildings make some modern uses difficult to accommodate the overall identity of the area needs to be strengthened so that the aera’s archaeological and architectural richness can be actively maintained.

Building Typology

1.72 Along North and South Main Streets, the buildings are mostly narrow fronted with long plots and with a laneway running between each pair of buildings. Many of the laneways are now incorporated into buildings as hallways or private accesses. Building heights are mainly between 3 and 4 storeys, with commercial premises on the ground floors. Buildings on the secondary streets are similar, but with a mix of commercial premises and domestic houses. Because of the narrow frontages, many businesses in North and South Main Street and the larger side streets extend across a number of buildings and plots. 1.73 External finishes are mainly painted plaster over brick and rubble stone walls, timber sliding sash windows, stone slated pitched roofs with cast-iron rainwater goods. A number of larger scale buildings are located at the northern end of North Main Street which provide city-wide leisure and shopping facilities in modern complexes. There are a number of institutional buildings within the area. Notable examples include the mid-20th century Franciscan and Augustinian Churches, the Catholic Young Men’s Society Hall, and the 18th century former

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

ACA North Mall and the Marsh

1.77 The original Marsh was cut through in the early 19th century by Great George St. (now Washington St.) to a unified design by Sir Thomas Deane to connect the Grand Parade to Lancaster Quay and Western Road. 1.78 The ACA contains the largest group of large and mid-sized 18th century houses in Cork, the larger on both banks of the North Channel (North Mall and Grenville Place), the smaller houses along Sheare’s St. as well as an important designed group of unified buildings on Washington St. West. The largest and most imposing building is the former Lord Mayor’s Mansion House built in the mid-18th century, and in use as the Mercy Hospital since the mid-19th century.

Description of Area

1.76 Located between the two principal channels, the North and South Channels of the River Lee, the area is essentially a marsh. Early maps show parallel intermediate water channels along Henry St. and Sheare’s St. which are now in-filled and/or culverted over. The area is bounded to the north by the rocky escarpment which forms the rear boundary of the properties along the North Mall. To the east the area abuts the North Main St. ACA centred around the former walled medieval city. To the west, the narrower neck of flat, low-lying land which contains Dyke Parade and the Mardyke.

Cork City Draft Development Plan 2022-2028

Volume 3 I Part 1

Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 Page 26 Page 27 Page 28 Page 29 Page 30 Page 31 Page 32 Page 33 Page 34 Page 35 Page 36 Page 37 Page 38 Page 39 Page 40 Page 41 Page 42 Page 43 Page 44 Page 45 Page 46 Page 47 Page 48 Page 49 Page 50 Page 51 Page 52 Page 53 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Page 79 Page 80 Page 81 Page 82 Page 83 Page 84 Page 85 Page 86 Page 87 Page 88 Page 89 Page 90 Page 91 Page 92 Page 93 Page 94 Page 95 Page 96 Page 97 Page 98 Page 99 Page 100 Page 101 Page 102 Page 103 Page 104 Page 105 Page 106 Page 107 Page 108 Page 109 Page 110 Page 111 Page 112 Page 113 Page 114 Page 115 Page 116 Page 117 Page 118 Page 119 Page 120 Page 121 Page 122 Page 123 Page 124 Page 125 Page 126 Page 127 Page 128 Page 129 Page 130 Page 131 Page 132 Page 133 Page 134 Page 135 Page 136 Page 137 Page 138 Page 139 Page 140 Page 141 Page 142 Page 143 Page 144 Page 145 Page 146 Page 147 Page 148 Page 149 Page 150 Page 151 Page 152 Page 153 Page 154 Page 155 Page 156 Page 157 Page 158 Page 159 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 163 Page 164 Page 165 Page 166 Page 167 Page 168 Page 169 Page 170 Page 171 Page 172 Page 173 Page 174 Page 175 Page 176 Page 177 Page 178 Page 179 Page 180 Page 181 Page 182 Page 183 Page 184 Page 185 Page 186 Page 187 Page 188 Page 189 Page 190 Page 191 Page 192 Page 193 Page 194 Page 195 Page 196