By the mid-1800s, the butter market had enlarged to such an extent that there was a large need for expansion of the premises. In 1849, an elaborate roman temple style portico, designed by Sir John Benson, was added to the front of the butter market and this was. In 1858, 428,000 firkins of butter were exported per annum and by 1891, this was reduced to 170,000 firkins. In the late 1800s, there was a distinct decline in the economic fortunes of the city. The profits of the export provision trade of agricultural products such as butter and beef declined with competitive European prices and the introduction of refrigerated transport severely impacted the prices set by the butter market at Cork. Eventually, the Cork Butter Market closed in 1924 (source: corkheritage,ie). The eastern portion of the project area developed later than the core of Shandon with tentative development commencing along the western bank of the Kiln River during the 17 th -century, the eastern bank of the river remained as marshland up until the mid-18 th -century. This is demonstrated by John Rocque’s 1759 map (see Figure 9 below) which shows the western portion of the area that would become Camden Quay, to largely consist of unreclaimed marshland at this time. The Kiln River flowed southwards from the Blackpool area and entered the River Lee at the present location of Christy Ring bridge. It was diverted and culverted in stages over the centuries, however, the river still flows along the same general alignment and is visible at a number of locations on appr oach to the River Lee, particularly along the eastern boundary of Murphy’s Brewery. The river was navigable for a number of hundred metres to the north, with small vessels utilising docking facilities at the Sand Quay, which was located in the area of John Street/Murphy’s Brewery, during the early decades of the 18 th -century. Extensive reclamation was undertaken by Cork Corporation of the large marshy areas east of Kiln River from the mid-18 th -century. This area of the city became a centre of industry with brewing, distilling and tannery operations predominating. John Street distillery was founded in 1820 by James Daly, while Murphy’s Lady’s Well Brewery was founded in 1856 on the site of the fo rmer Foundling Hospital on Leitrim Street. Many of the buildings in the surrounding area at this time comprised warehouses, maltings and granaries associated with these industries. The Excavations Database The Excavation Database contains summary accounts of licensed archaeological investigations carried out in Ireland (North and South) from the 1960s to present. The Database gives access to over 32,000 reports and can be browsed or searched using multiple fields, including year, county, site type, grid reference, license number, Sites and Monuments Record number and author. The Database records a total of 34 licensed programmes of archaeological investigation as having been undertaken within the Shandon IUS boundary. Of note are the investigations carried out under Excavation Licence 02E1378 as part of the Shandon Area Streetscape Renewal Scheme in 2003 to 2005. The archaeological investigations associated with this scheme revealed a series of historic town elements, such as culverts, cobbled surfaces and limestone kerb slabs - which were retained in situ, and several stone foundations from demolished 18 th or 19 th -century houses on Church Street. Other notable discoveries included the uncovering of portions of four 18 th to 19 th -century burial vaults on the western side of Bob and Joan’s Walk, as well as cellars associated with 19 th -century buildings at Lower Shandon Street. The cellars were uncovered extending beyond the facades of 60 (a) and 67-68 Shandon Street during monitoring of both the Shandon Street Renewal Scheme and a later programme of pre-development testing (10E0088).
Integrated Urban Strategy, Shandon, Cork Baseline archaeological assessment
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