Appropriate Assessment of the Draft Cork City Development Plan 2022-2028
Appendix I Background information on European Sites List of European Sites considered by the assessment; including the Qualifying features (Qualifying Interests or Special Conservation Interests) and Site Vulnerability/Sensitivity
Site Code
Site Name
Qualifying Feature
Pressures Codes Known Threats and Pressures
004030 Cork Harbour SPA Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) [A004], Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) [A005], Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) [A017], Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea) [A028], Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) [A048], Wigeon (Anas penelope) [A050], Teal (Anas crecca) [A052], Pintail (Anas acuta) [A054], Shoveler (Anas clypeata) [A056], Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) [A069], Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) [A130], Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria) [A140], Grey Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) [A141], Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) [A142], Dunlin (Calidris alpina) [A149], Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa) [A156], Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica) [A157], Curlew (Numenius arquata) [A160], Redshank (Tringa totanus) [A162], Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) [A179], Common Gull (Larus canus) [A182], Lesser Black- backed Gull (Larus fuscus) [A183], Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) [A193], Wetland and Waterbirds [A999] Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide [1140], Atlantic salt meadows (Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae)) [1330]
E02, D03.02, F01, E01.03, E01, G01.01, G01.06, D01.02, G01.02, F02.03, A08, D03.01 E01, K02.03, J02.01.02, D01.02, F01, A04, A08, I01 F02.03, B, E03.01, I01, A04, D01.04, G01.01, A08, A03, G02, E01, E02, D01.02, J02.01, K01.01, C01.01
Industrial or commercial areas, shipping lanes, marine and freshwater aquaculture, dispersed habitation, urbanised areas, human habitation, nautical sports, roads, motorways, walking, horse-riding, non-motorised vehicles, leisure fishing, fertilisation and port areas. Urbanised areas, human habitation, eutrophication (natural), reclamation of land from sea, estuary or marsh, roads, motorways, marine and freshwater aquaculture, grazing, fertilisation, and invasive non-native species. Leisure fishing, silviculture, forestry, disposal of household or recreational facility waste, invasive non-native species, grazing, railway lines, nautical sports, fertilisation, mowing or cutting of grassland, sport and leisure structures, urbanised areas, human habitation, industrial or commercial areas, roads, motorways, landfill, land reclamation and drying out, general, erosion, and sand and gravel extraction.
001058 Great Island Channel SAC
002170 Blackwater River (Cork/Waterford) SAC
Estuaries [1130], Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide [1140], Perennial vegetation of stony banks [1220], Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand [1310], Atlantic salt meadows ( Glauco-Puccinellietalia maritimae ) [1330], Mediterranean salt meadows ( Juncetalia maritimi ) [1410], Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation [3260], Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles [91A0], Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae ) [91E0], Margaritifera margaritifera (Freshwater Pearl Mussel) [1029], Austropotamobius pallipes (White-clawed Crayfish) [1092], Petromyzon marinus (Sea Lamprey) [1095], Lampetra planeri (Brook Lamprey) [1096], Lampetra fluviatilis (River Lamprey) [1099], Alosa fallax fallax (Twaite Shad) [1103], Salmo salar (Salmon) [1106], Lutra lutra (Otter) [1355], Trichomanes speciosum (Killarney Fern) [1421]
List of all Qualifying Interests of SACs that have undergone Assessment including Summaries of Current Threats and Sensitivity to Effects Qualifying Interests EU Code Current threats to Qualifying Interests
Sensitivity of Qualifying Interests
Twaite Shad (Alosa fallax fallax)
[1103]
Habitat quality, particularly at spawning sites is the most notable threat to this species.
Changes in management. Changes in nutrient or base status. Moderately sensitive to hydrological change. Marine and groundwater dependent. Medium sensitivity to hydrological change. Changes in salinity and tidal regime. Overgrazing, erosion and accretion. Invasive species, disease, surface water dependent. Highly sensitive to hydrological change. Very highly sensitive to pollution.
Atlantic salt meadows (Glauco- Puccinellietalia maritimae) White-clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) River Lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) Brook Lamprey (Lampetra planeri) Estuaries
[1330] Overgrazing; erosion; invasive species, particularly common cordgrass (Spartina anglica); infilling and reclamation.
[1092] Poor substrate quality due to increased growth of algal and macrophyte vegetation as a result of severe nutrient enrichment, as well as physical siltation.
[1130] [1099] [1096]
Pollution, fishing /aquaculture and habitat quality.
Inappropriate development, changes in turbidity
Channel maintenance, barriers, passage obstruction, gross pollution and specific pollutants. Channel maintenance, barriers, passage obstruction, gross pollution and specific pollutants.
Surface water dependent Highly sensitive to hydrological change. Surface water dependent Highly sensitive to hydrological change.
Otter (Lutra lutra)
[1355] Decrease in water quality: Use of pesticides; fertilization; vegetation removal; professional fishing (including lobster pots and fyke nets); unting; poisoning; sand and gravel extraction; mechanical removal of peat; urbanised areas; human habitation; continuous urbanization; drainage; management of aquatic and bank vegetation for drainage purposes; and canalization or modifying structures of inland water course. [1029] In stream works, hydrological and morphological alterations, sediment and enrichment, pollution due urbanisation etc. Poor substrate quality due to increased growth of algal and macrophyte vegetation as a result of severe nutrient enrichment, as well as physical siltation. [1140] Aquaculture, fishing, bait digging, removal of fauna, reclamation of land, coastal protection works and invasive species, particularly cord-grass; hard coastal defence structures; sea-level rise. [91A0] The introduction of alien species; sub-optimal grazing patterns; general forestry management; increases in urbanisation and human habitation adjacent to oak woodlands; and the construction of communication networks through the woodland. [1220] Disruption of the sediment supply, owing to the interruption of the coastal processes, caused by developments such as car parks and coastal defence structures including rock armour and sea walls. The removal of gravel. [1095] Barriers to upstream migration (e.g., weirs), which limit access to spawning beds and juvenile habitat are main threats to this species.
Surface and marine water dependent. Moderately sensitive to hydrological change. Sensitivity to pollution.
Freshwater Pearl Mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide Old sessile oak woods with Ilex and Blechnum in the British Isles Perennial vegetation of stony banks
Surface water dependent. Highly sensitive to hydrological change. Very highly sensitive to pollution. Surface and marine water dependent. Moderately sensitive to hydrological change. Moderate sensitivity to pollution. Changes to salinity and tidal regime. Coastal development. Changes in management. Changes in nutrient or base status. Introduction of alien species. Marine water dependent. Low sensitivity to hydrological changes. Coastal development, trampling from recreational activity and gravel removal. Marine water dependent. Low sensitivity to hydrological changes. Coastal development, trampling from recreational activity. Marine water dependent. Medium sensitivity to hydrological change. Changes in salinity and tidal regime. Infilling, reclamation, invasive species.
Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
Salicornia and other annuals colonising mud and sand
[1310]
Invasive Species; erosion and accretion.
Salmon (Salmo salar)
[1106]
Marine survival rates are of concern for the populations.
Disease, parasites and barriers to movement. Land use management and direct impacts.
Killarney Fern (Trichomanes speciosum)
[1421] Threatened by habitat loss, deliberate collection, encroachment of invasive or vigorous species, or indirectly by water pollution, removal of woodland or alteration of watercourses.
Mediterranean salt meadows (Juncetalia maritimi) White-clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes)
[1410]
Over-grazing by cattle or sheep; infilling and reclamation.
Marine and groundwater dependent. Medium sensitivity to hydrological change. Changes in salinity and tidal regime. Coastal development and reclamation. Invasive species, disease, surface water dependent. Highly sensitive to hydrological change. Very highly sensitive to pollution. Surface and groundwater dependent. Highly sensitive to hydrological changes. Changes in management.
[1092] Poor substrate quality due to increased growth of algal and macrophyte vegetation as a result of severe nutrient enrichment, as well as physical siltation.
CAAS for Cork City Council Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)
[91E0]
Inappropriate grazing levels; invasive species; and clearance for agriculture or felling for timber.
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